The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv nuclear reactor concept that uses a graphite moderator with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. Preliminary design work was performed on this modular htgr npr, but the plant, originally expected to start in 1998, was never built hoffman and mears 1991. This potential is complemented by the htgr safety design that ensures that the core temperature does not exceed material and. Status report steam cycle high temperature gascooled reactor sc htgr framatome inc.
Possibilities for deployment of hightemperature nuclear. Using these reactor operating conditions, the power cycle was optimized using. These temperatures are slightly lower than the antares temperatures. Agreement between the ministry of energy and ministry of science and higher education on. In 2006, he was responsible for the division of general design of high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr. The vhtr is still in the early conceptual design phase, and a specific reactor design has not yet been developed. The technology uses an efficient and flexible steam cycle to convert heat from fission into electricity and to complement renewable energy sources. Design basis events dbes are established for design of the protection system trip the reactor using safetyrelated equipment. In this hypothesized scenario, although most of the air in the reactor cavity and surrounding building is initially swept out by. Site construction was started in september 1968 and. Status report steam cycle high temperature gascooled reactor. Simultaneously in fact, right at the start the htrepc would begin the preparation and construction of a lowpower hgtr experimental reactor, needed to accelerate design work and licensing of commercial reactors.
Htgr tipe reactor is a reactor with a high reactor outlet temperature 900 c. Although it is not our intent here to assess the overall safety of the htgr, we do offer, in the form of a detailed. The high temperature gascooled reactor the energy of. The hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr appears as a good candidate for the next generation of nuclear power plants. There two types of htgr s, one is prismatic htgr and the other is pebble bed reactor pbr.
Advanced nuclear power systems international status of htgrs. Design concept study for innovative high temperature gas. Safety features of high temperature gas cooled reactor. Htgr type reactor is planned to be built reactors as the first experimental power reactor rde in indonesia. The research activities have been performed for the both type of reactors in tok yo institute of technology. National technical director doe advanced reactor technologies gascooled reactor campaign. The great temperature capability makes it a suitable heat source for versatile cogeneration. This paper describes the original design features in detail, exemplified by safety, a particular core and plant design. In the htrn project of the european union fifth framework program, analyses have been performed on a number of conceptual htgr designs, derived from reference pebblebed and hexagonal blocktype htgr types.
Saito vice chairman, atomic energy commission of japan 1. The high temperature gascooled reactor jrc publications. Series editor yasuo koizumi and his volume editors tetsuaki takeda and yoshiyuki inagaki present the latest research on hightemperature gas reactor htgr development and utilization, beginning with an analysis of the history of htgrs. High temperature gas reactors idaho national laboratory. Pdf htgr reactor physics and fuel cycle studies jim. Currently, he is the deputy director and deputy chief engineer of inet in charge of htgr.
United states of america 30november2019 this reactor design is a new concept with a projected earliest deployment start of construction time of 2027. Volumes high temperature reactor technology american. Besides, the manufacture of fuel elements will be based on the. Flownex was used to design a controller for the startup of a htgr npp that varies the generator power as function of shaft speed. Design study on gas turbine high temperature reactor. The high temperature engineering test reactor httr is a 30 mwth prismatic core htgr designed, constructed and operated by the japan atomic energy research institute jaeri.
During the construction and startup of the peach bottom htgr, design and development proceeded in the united states on larger htgrs resulting in a 330mwe htgr nuclear generating station at fort st. Thermal and flow design of heliumcooled reactors i unt digital. Calculation, and head of the division of reactor physics, thermal hydraulics and system simulation. Ngnp htse conceptual design direct coupled to htgr reactor for electrical power and process heat 600 mwth reactor could produce 85 million scfd hydrogen similar to a large steam methane reforming plant and 42 million scfd oxygen potential applications include petroleum refining, ammonia production, synthetic liquid fuels. Sink has served on the vhtr system steering committee since 2008, and. Feb 25, 2015 modular htgr rccs key design considerations rccs maintains cavity wall and reactor vessel temperatures rccs heat removal rate is similar during normal operations and accidents rccs is a simple system, always passive under safetyrelated conditions variety of possible rccs configurations. High temperature gascooled reactor htgr, which is a graphite moderated, helium cooled reactor, is particularly attractive due to capability of producing high temperature helium gas and its inherent safety characteristics, as well as an option to efficiently burn weaponsgrade plutonium for energy production. Future development of modular htgr in china after htrpm. Investigating high temperature gascooled reactors for. Nuclear engineering and design 236 2006 615634 htgr reactor physics and fuel cycle studies j. Status report steam cycle high temperature gascooled.
Htgr in government policy superior inherent safety ceramic fuel coating retain radioactive material at 1600oc what is high temperature gascooled reactor htgr. Design study on gas turbine high temperature reactor gthtr300. Areva modular steam cycle high temperature gascooled. In this system, the reducing gases, namely hydrogen. Htgr can supply 950oc of heat, and can be used not only for electric power generation but also for a wide range of applications such as. The htrpm reactor design is very similar to the htr10. High temperature gas reactor new production reactor. Several studies have been performed to design innovative htgr concept. Htgr uses helium as coolant and graphite as moderator as well as structural material. Article evaluation of high temperature gas reactor for. The turbine plant design will use the mature technology of superheated steam turbines which is widely used in other thermal power plants.
Four of the seven plants constructed and operated used prismatic block fuel. Using this controller the whole startup process was modeled. Htgr 4 he cooled, prismatic htgr 3 he cooled, spherical thtr300 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s future uk dragon japan httr usa ngnp china htrpm rsa pbmr germany avr china htr10 germany usa peach bottom pb1 ft. The reference plant is a four module steam cycle high temperature reactor sc. The current htgr reference design specifies a reactor power of 600 mwth with a primary system pressure of 7. In the following, the main philosophy and design descriptions of htrpm600 are presented.
Reactors are located underground in reinforced concrete silos figure 4, reducing response to earthquakes and providing a natural heat transfer path from the core through. Possibilities for deployment of hightemperature nuclear reactors in. The objectives of the graphite design handbook gdh are to provide and maintain a single source of graphite properties and phenomenological model of mechanical behavior to be used for design of mhtgr graphite components of the reactor system, namely, core support, permanent side reflector, hexagonal reflector elements, and prismatic fuel elements. Reactor htgr nuclear heat supply system nhss is composed of three major components.
High temperature gas cooled reactor fuels and materials. Despite the existence of several research and commercial htgr reactors there is no reactor design ready for multiplication on. The purpose of the activities were to make clear the. There are two htgr types looking at the core design, which are prismatic core htgr, also defined as prismatic modular reactor pmr, and pebble bed core htgr or pebble bed reactor pbr 1, 2. In 20 years of operation, the avr has processed about 2 million fuel elements. This law was passed after a multiyear study by national experts on what future nuclear technologies should be developed.
Investigation of htgr reactor building response to a break. The design of htrpm600 will take full advantages of htrpm characteristics. State of the art in trisocoated particle fuel irradiations 7. Sc htgr operating parameters the reactor inlet and outlet temperatures are 325c and 750c, respectively. Doe as one of two possible reactor technologies for materials production goodjohn 1991. Htgr project would guarantee validity of the preconception study, and in the next stage, adaptation of the reactor design to the specific needs of the recipients.
The nrc inspection manual, part 9900 states that the application of lbb analysis to. A singlezone core design was adopted, in which the spherical fuel elements are placed. Currently, he is the deputy director and deputy chief engineer of inet in charge of htgr projects. Htgr reactor protection incorporates a typical strategy to detect, protect, and provide cooling detect an event which requires a reactor trip events fall into various equipment failure categories. Advancement of high temperature gas cooled reactors for.
Design, research and development and operation experiences of htgr in japan 1. Saito vice chairman, atomic energy commission of japan. Zhang, in handbook of generation iv nuclear reactors, 2016. The cylindrical active reactor core has an outer diameter of 3. The high temperature gascooled reactor the energy of industry. The reactor achieved initial criticality in 1998 with full power operation started in 2000. Dec 01, 2000 current design schematic generator 52 2. Two steam generators located outside the pressure vessel were used to exchange the heat from the primary coolant helium to the secondary.
Intoroduction development of the hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr has revived in many countries after a major setback in germany that had led the htgr. To date, seven htgr plants depicted in figure es1 have been built and operated. Htgr technology course for the nuclear ct rl i iregulatory. High temperature gascooled reactors lessons learned. Htgr design group fr safety design group fuel cycle design department fast reactor cycle system research and development center htgr research and development center waste management and decommissioning technology development center sector of fast reactor and advanced reactor research and development director general. Advancement of high temperature gas cooled reactors for grid. Apr 06, 2019 how the karios reactor design works the kairos power fhr kpfhr is a novel advanced reactor technology that leverages triso fuel in pebble form combined with a lowpressure fluoride salt coolant.
A singlezone core design was adopted, in which the. Hightemperature gascooled reactor steam generator design. Osu and uw we have prepared a comprehensive business plan developed the cost bases of the reference design done design cost. In 2005, the us passed the energy policy act of 2005 mandating the construction and operation of a hightemperature gas reactor htgr by 2021. Transient analysis startup scenarios system control solution. Dong is a professor in nuclear engineering at the tsinghua university.
Each module is a small reactor that can produce electricity or process steam, remote sites and remote operation xenergy a one module plant with pebble bed reactor module. The gtmhr by general atomics is the basis for the prismatic vhtr. High temperature gas reactors an overview sciencedirect topics. Each plant has a 200 mwt reactor module that can produce 75 mwe or process heat htgr twg developer members. Temperature gascooled reactor htgr nuclear power plant npp. Investigation of htgr reactor building response to a break in. From 2006 through 2009 he was the program manager for the nuclear hydrogen initiative, coordinating doe efforts to develop high temperature watersplitting technologies to take advantage of htgr outlet temperatures. An accident of interest in safety study of the htgr is a break in the primary coolant boundary which leads to depressurization of the reactor vessel and loss of forced cooling of the core. Intoroduction development of the hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr has revived in many countries after a major setback in germany that had led the htgr development since 1960s. High temperature gas reactors an overview sciencedirect.
The high temperature gascooled reactor rand corporation. Hightemperature reactor conceptual design system integrity design basic design httr detail design application and. Little has been done by energy agencies or lobbyists to market towards public opinion, which could come to be the deciding factor on htgr reactor projects in the near future. System evaluation and economic analysis of a htgr powered.
Hightemperature gas reactors is the fifth volume in the jsme series on thermal and nuclear power generation. The reactor core can be either a prismatic block reminiscent of a. Computer program manual, gaa14736, ga technologies jan 1978. This provides structural design advantages and superior protection from external hazards. The feasibility of the hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr concept and the 235 uth 233 u fuel cycle was demonstrated by 6 yr of operation of the 40mwe peach bottom prototype htgr power plant. Dragon united kingdom, arbeitsgemeinschaft versuchsreaktor germany, high temperature test reactor japan, high temperatur e reactor 10 htr10. Advanced control and protection system design methods. The recent progress in this field is addressed in the following. Use of the ripb process improves the xe100 design regulatory certainty and provides the opportunity to leverage this intrinsically safe reactor design to optimize demonstration costs and subsequently enhance economic confidence. Hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr nrc research. Both reactors may have the fuel stacked in an annulus region with a graphite center spire, depending on the design and desired reactor power. Hexagonal block fuel elements for the prismatic htgr design 6. Core design advanced reactor technologies idaho national laboratory.
High temperature nuclear reactors for hydrogen production. Manual or computer automated image analysis is performed to measure the. During the late 1980s, the modular htgr was considered by. The htgr design was first proposed by the staff of the power pile division of the clinton laboratories known now as oak ridge national laboratory in 1947.
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